Bankruptcy Law Guide to Different Chapters
A San Diego Bankruptcy Attorney offers a Bankruptcy Law Guide to Different Chapters
This is a bankruptcy law guide to the six “types” of bankruptcy codified within Title 11 of the United States Code, although only the three primary ones are discussed below. This bankruptcy law guide nonetheless lists, for reference, the following: Chapter 9 deals with insolvency of local municipalities; Chapter 12 is like a Chapter 13 (see below) but for fishermen and farmers; and Chapter 15 deals with international debt issues (adopting the United Nations’ Model Law on Cross Border Insolvency).
Chapter 7 — by far the most common of bankruptcies filed. As discussed in this bankruptcy law guide, Chapter 7 is considered a “liquidation” of assets. This means that the trustee assigned to the case by the United States Bankruptcy Court has the power to seize all of a person’s assets to pay the creditors, each receiving less than the full amount originally owed but the same proportional percentage of what is liquidated. A Means Test, added in 2005, is required as a method to calculate whether Chapter 7 is available to the debtor. If so, the Chapter 7 will yield a discharge of most debts, making the debtor no longer responsible for them. Refer to other discussions within this bankruptcy law guide for a discussion of what types of debts survive bankruptcy. Exemptions, which vary by state, provide for the protection of assets and avoidance of the power of the trustee to liquidate certain assets. In the vast majority of cases, no assets of the debtor’s are ever seized by the trustee.
Chapter 11 – available to both individuals and businesses, but overwhelmingly used by the latter. A Chapter 11 is referred to as a “reorganization.” In effect, once a Chapter 11 petition is filed, the debtor is given time to negotiate with its creditors and business partners to rehabilitate itself. This bankruptcy law guide details how debts may be restructured or forgiven; contracts or leases may be renegotiated; assets may be sold off. Anything is available to the business during its post-filing negotiation period. The creditors have to agree to the plan of restructuring, however. Once the process is complete and all (or enough) parties have agreed to accept the debtor’s plan, the debtor “emerges” from bankruptcy, presumptively leaner and more economically viable.
Chapter 13 – the “wage earner’s plan.” Chapter 13 is always voluntary. That is, Chapters 7 and 11 may be compelled by a creditor even over the debtor’s objection; Chapter 13 is unlike that and available to any debtor anytime. A detailed bankruptcy law guide should be consulted to see exactly how the payments during the plan will be distributed. In essence, the Chapter 13 is a repayment period of up to five years wherein the debtor pays her secured debt in full and her unsecured debt in accordance with her disposable income, as calculated. Most often, a discharge of the remaining unsecured debt is granted at the completion of the payment period.
If you have questions regarding Bankruptcy in San Diego County, including Carlsbad, San Diego and surround cities in San Diego County please contact us at (760) 579-7322 for a free consultation or visit www.bkanswers.com and we can connect you with one of our experienced San Diego Bankruptcy Attorneys. After you have spoken with one of our San Diego bankruptcy attorneys, we can schedule you for a free face to face appointment in our Carlsbad bankruptcy office. Our team of Bankruptcy Lawyers, Bankruptcy Customer Care Specialists and Bankuptcy staff supporting San Deigo consumers in debt can assist you with all aspects of your bankruptcy or bankruptcy litigation case. If you have questions about filing a Chapter 7 bankruptcy, a Chapter 11 bankruptcy, a Chapter 13 bankruptcy, or would like to learn more about bankruptcy litigation, legal debt settlement, mortgage modification, lien stripping, cram down, stopping a foreclosure, wage garnishment, asset protection, discharging a debt, etc. we can help! We have bankruptcy attorneys located throughout California and Oregon who can assist you with all of your debt resolution questions. Please feel free to complete our free online bankruptcy evaluation and we can quickly determine if you are a qualified candidate for bankruptcy. We look forward to hearing from you, Southern California!
